Management In Strategic Information Systemâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Management In Strategic Information System? Answer: Introducation In significant setting of the data Technology and the Information science, Woolworths has chosen to relinquish 500 workers from corner to corner its help office and the gracefully chain organize. It will likewise write down the millions in the IT benefits as the new CEO Brad Banducci initiates a remade working portrayal (Woolworths.com.au 2017). Woolworths is confronting significant difficulties. The organization has been battling with the provider relations during its most current quarter. There were likewise issues with the introduction of the substitution of the benefits of the Company and the stock frameworks. The associations with the providers have additionally been stressed. Different difficulties that the organization is confronting is the moderate customer cycle. At that point there is the business battle, which is a significant test. The deleverage of the Australian grocery stores and the nature of the item has become an issue. The New Zealand stores are likewise confronting more noteworthy serious weight. Woolworths needed better consumer loyalty and to pick up advantage over rivalry. The Company had the vision to build the income and spare more by improving the profitability and the proficiency of the representatives. The finish of the ventures of the Company ought to likewise be inside the ideal financial plan. The aim is to put resources into the progressed examination. The buying intensity of the clients is to set the expansion sooner rather than later. There is a stubborn push by the Federal government and the ACCC to a lower rivalry boundary. Most recent contenders must be permitted to enter the market so as to build the decision of the buyer. The expansion of the shopper bartering force would prompt the ascent in cost of the examination sites. That will empower the buyer to empower the costs and pick the least expensive elective that is accessible (Abeywickrama and Zambonelli 2012). The upsides and downsides of these IT key choices is the region of the Company in the commercial center to the national and the global markets. The extending of the base of the clients and the providers will empower the association to sell more at a less expensive rate. The shoppers will profit by this and will have the option to shop from any area. The clients will likewise have the option to connect with the organization. The impediments are with respect to the security and the protection worries that dissuade the clients from purchasing. As long as possible, the degree of online misrepresentation is expanding. In both short and long haul situations, a portion of the clients might want to contact and feel the items. There is additionally the obstruction from the clients with respect to the difference in the shopping experience from the development store to the virtual store (Slack 2015). The primary job of the IT is for the gracefully affix the executives to deal with the whole flexibly bind so as to pick up the upper hand. It is imperative to keep up the trusted and decent association with the makers. The IT helps the organization with respect to the issue of the conveyance. IT is the key business driver. The execution of the new programming is still in process however he has seen a material improvement in the presentation. The choice of the new administration recorded as a hard copy down the a huge number of dollars in the It venture is a decent move. This will assist the business with expanding the necessary abilities in both the territory of information examination and the undeviating offering to revamp its flexibly chain. Woolworths is presently focussing on the online presentation of its solitary brands. The provider connections have likewise been stressed in the course of the most recent year due the upset multi year of the Company that will be fixed with the assistance of the new administration framework (Benlian and Haffke 2016). (8.1)The boss data official has certain obligations to satisfy. He must be the person who will take the choices with respect to the acquisition of the IT hardware from the providers or the making of the new frameworks. They need to coordinate the workforce of the association. (8.2)The retailer has the enhanced IT establishment program which expects to make up for lost time with the underinvestment in the IT foundation with a particular spotlight on oneself help checkouts and the retail location frameworks. (8.3)If the CEO dismisses the thought then thought and the target ought to be reframed and passed on to the CEO. The thoughts should meet the objectives. The reaction to a protest ought to be accessible and must be upheld with an explanation (Laudon et al. 2012). The data frameworks to be utilized are the Transaction Processing frameworks that are worked legitimately by the shop floor laborers and the information is gotten through the computerized or semi-mechanized following of the fundamental exchanges. At that point the Management Information frameworks can be utilized to guarantee the smooth running of the Organization in the short to medium term. The Decision Support System will bolster the not well organized choices and have an investigative limit. The official data framework will assist with foreseeing the future and bolster the unstructured choices (Stair and Reynolds 2013). There was misguided technique and there was selling of an inappropriate stuff. Some portion of Woolworths plan was to present a more slender working model and to supplant and execute various extensive frameworks. This was done to improve fundamental procedures. This is about the procedure of dependability. Woolworths has likewise presented the achievement factors HCM over the organization. The new ERP framework in the merchandizing stage is presently steady and has been executed. At the point when the stage went live for Big W mid-a year ago, the store couldn't process orders for providers, leaving void racks and millions in lost deals. The Stakeholders are the clients, workers, associations, providers, franchisees, investors and the financial specialists and the colleagues. The practical prerequisites for the IT frameworks are: for Transaction Processing framework the contributions for the exchange occasions, for preparing the approval and arranging and for the yields records and detail reports are required. The Management Information frameworks requires inward records and organized information and in the preparing field requires arranging blending and summing up. The Decision Support System requires displaying for preparing alongside reenactment, investigation and summing up (Ricciardi and De Marco 2012). References Abeywickrama, D.B. furthermore, Zambonelli, F., 2012, April. Model checking objective situated necessities for self-versatile frameworks. InEngineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), 2012 IEEE nineteenth International Conference and Workshops on(pp. 33-42). IEEE. Benlian, A. furthermore, Haffke, I., 2016. Does commonality make a difference? Inspecting the two-sided nature and impacts of CEOCIO shared understanding.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,25(2), pp.104-126. Galliers, R.D. furthermore, Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic data the board: difficulties and procedures in overseeing data frameworks. Routledge. Laudon, K.C., Laudon, J.P., Brabston, M.E., Chaney, M., Hawkins, L. what's more, Gaskin, S., 2012.Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, Seventh Canadian Edition (seventh. Pearson. Ricciardi, F. what's more, De Marco, M., 2012, February. The test of administration arranged exhibitions for boss data officials. InInternational Conference on Exploring Services Science(pp. 258-270). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Slack, N., 2015.Operations procedure. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Step, R. what's more, Reynolds, G., 2013.Principles of data frameworks. Cengage Learning. Woolworths.com.au (2017).Welcome to Woolworths. [online] Woolworths.com.au. Accessible at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/[Accessed 25 Aug. 2017].

Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’ Free Essays

‘Throne of Blood’ is a nearby adjustment of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth to the way of life and culture of medieval Japan; a 1957 film in highly contrasting difference that has been acclaimed as extraordinary compared to other plot transposition of the Macbeth. It delineates the misleading, and insatiability related with yearning enthusiasm to gain control and take part in overbearing acts. Almost certainly, there are similitudes between the two plays; be that as it may, one of the first content was utilized in ‘Throne of Blood’. We will compose a custom paper test on Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’ or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Rather, Washizu Taketori supplanted yet not as rough and savage as Macbeth; Lady Macbeth was supplanted with Washizu’s spouse, Asaji an ace rogue far less compassionate as Lady. Macduff was not spoken to in the plot. Be that as it may, the danger for the seat was ended when General Miki was executed; however the last returned as a phantom Not at all like the Macbeth where the ruler was executed in a battle as forecasted by the three witches, Washizu was shot by his own toxophilite, a foe award of double-crossing for an insatiable and deceptive pioneer. Washizu’s destiny was prophesized by a noxious apparition, and not witches. In fact, the film portrays away from scenes of connections set apart by underhanded at high places, broad utilization of images and spiritualist ability to convey the watchers from ‘the Island’ to the complexities of Japanese culture and practice. The subject of the story was not adjusted in any noteworthy manner; it plainly shows the destiny of voracity and furor for power. The characters utilized the uniqueness of the contemporary culture to transfer the message of Macbeth: eagerness for power never pays; be careful with companions, they can become double crossers. The power of language lost in this interpretation was anyway supplanted satisfactorily with clear symbolism and sound. The film is extraordinary; and an absolute necessity watch for admirers of Japanese culture, marshal expressions particularly Samurai styles. Step by step instructions to refer to Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’, Essay models

Overview of Qualitative And Quantitative Data Collection Methods

Overview of Qualitative And Quantitative Data Collection Methods Much of the workings of the world today are controlled and powered by information, giving credence to that famous quote, “information is power”. Professionals, researchers, organizations, businesses, industries and even governments cannot function without information serving as “fuel” for decision-making, strategizing, gaining and storing knowledge.But information is not something that is handed to anyone on a silver platter. It starts with a small raw fact or figure â€" or a set of raw facts and figures â€" that are not organized and, all too often, without meaning or context. These are called “data”. By itself, and in its raw form, data may seem useless.Data will cease to be useless once it undergoes processing, where it will be organized, structured and given context through interpretation and analysis. Processing gives it meaning, effectively turning it into information that will eventually be of great use to those who need it. Collectively, all information will make up bodies of knowledge that will, in turn, benefit various users of this knowledge.Without data, there won’t be any information. Therefore, no matter how data may seem random and useless, it is actually considered to be the most important and basic unit of any information structure or body of knowledge. © Shutterstock.com | SentavioTo that end, various approaches, tools and methodologies aimed at gathering or collecting data have been formulated.THE MEANING OF DATA COLLECTIONWhether it is business, marketing, humanities, physical sciences, social sciences, or other fields of study or discipline, data plays a very important role, serving as their respective starting points. That is why, in all of these processes that involve the usage of information and knowledge, one of the very first steps is data collection.Data collection is described as the “process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer queries, stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.”Depending on the discipline or field, the nature of the information being sought, and the objective or goal of users, the methods of data collection will vary. The approach to applying the methods may also vary, customized to s uit the purpose and prevailing circumstances, without compromising the integrity, accuracy and reliability of the data.There are two main types of data that users find themselves working with â€" and having to collect.Quantitative Data. These are data that deal with quantities, values or numbers, making them measurable. Thus, they are usually expressed in numerical form, such as length, size, amount, price, and even duration. The use of statistics to generate and subsequently analyze this type of data add credence or credibility to it, so that quantitative data is overall seen as more reliable and objective.Qualitative Data. These data, on the other hand, deals with quality, so that they are descriptive rather than numerical in nature. Unlike quantitative data, they are generally not measurable, and are only gained mostly through observation. Narratives often make use of adjectives and other descriptive words to refer to data on appearance, color, texture, and other qualities.In mos t cases, these two data types are used as preferences in choosing the method or tool to be used in data collection. As a matter of fact, data collection methods are classified into two, and they are based on these types of data. Thus, we can safely say that there are two major classifications or categories of data collection methods: the quantitative data collection methods and the qualitative data collection methods.IMPORTANCE OF DATA COLLECTIONFrom the definition of “data collection” alone, it is already apparent why gathering data is important: to come up with answers, which come in the form of useful information, converted from data.But for many, that still does not mean much.Depending on the perspective of the user and the purpose of the information, there are many concrete benefits that can be gained from data gathering. In general terms, here are some of the reasons why data collection is very important. The first question that we will address is: “why should you collec t data?”Data collection aids in the search for answers and resolutions.Learning and building knowledge is a natural inclination for human beings. Even at a very young age, we are in search for answers to a lot of things. Take a look at toddlers and small children, and they are the ones with so many questions, their curious spirit driving them to repeatedly ask whatever piques their interest.A toddler curious about a white flower in the backyard will start collecting data. He will approach the flower in question and look at it closely, taking in the color, the soft feel of the petals against his skin, and even the mild scent that emanates from it. He will then run to his mother and pull her along until they got to where the flower is. In baby speak, he will ask what the flower’s name is, and the mother will reply, “It’s a flower, and it is called rose.”It’s white. It’s soft. It smells good. And now the little boy even has a name for it. It’s called a rose. When his mo ther wasn’t looking, he reached for the rose by its stem and tried to pluck it. Suddenly, he felt a prickle in his fingers, followed by a sharp pain that made him yelp. When he looked down at his palm, he saw two puncture marks, and they are bleeding.The little boy starts to cry, thinking how roses, no matter how pretty and good-smelling, are dangerous and can hurt you. This information will now be embedded in his mind, sure to become one of the most enduring pieces of information or tidbit of knowledge that he will know about the flower called “rose”.The same goes in case of a marketing research, for example. A company wants to learn a few things about the market in order to come up with a marketing plan, or tweak an already existing marketing program. There’s no way that they will be able to do these things without collecting the relevant data. Data collection facilitates and improves decision-making processes, and the quality of the decisions made.Leaders cannot make deci sive strategies without facts to support them. Planners cannot draw up plans and designs without a basis. Entrepreneurs could not possibly come up with a business idea â€" much less a viable business plan â€" out of nothing at all. Similarly, businesses won’t be able to formulate marketing plans, and implement strategies to increase profitability and growth, if they have no data to start from.Without data, there won’t be anything to convert into useful information that will provide the basis for decisions. All that decision-makers are left with is their intuition and gut feeling, but even gut feeling and instinct have some basis on facts.Decision-making processes become smoother, and decisions are definitely better, if there is data driving them. According to a survey by Helical IT, the success rate of decisions based on data gathered is higher by 79% than those made using pure intuition alone.In business, one of the most important decisions that must be made is on resource allo cation and usage. If they collect the relevant data, they will be able to make informed decisions on how to use business resources efficiently.Data collection improves quality of expected results or output.Just as having data will improve decision-making and the quality of the decisions, it will also improve the quality of the results or output expected from any endeavor or activity. For example, a manufacturer will be able to produce high quality products after designing them using reliable data gathered. Consumers will also find the claims of the company about the product to be more reliable because they know it has been developed after conducting significant amount of research.Through collecting data, monitoring and tracking progress will also be facilitated. This gives a lot of room for flexibility, so response can be made accordingly and promptly. Adjustments can be made and improvements effected.Now we move to the next question, and that is on the manner of collecting data. Wh y is there a need to be particular about how data is collected? Why does it have to be systematic, and not just done on the fly, using whatever makes the data gatherer comfortable? Why do you have to pick certain methodologies of data collection when you can simply be random with it?Collecting data is expensive and resource-intensive. It will cost you money, time, and other resources. Thus, you have to make sure you make the most of it. You cannot afford to be random and haphazard about how you gather data when there are large amounts of investment at stake.Data collection methods will help ensure the accuracy and integrity of data collected. It’s common sense, really. Using the right data collection method â€" and using it properly â€" will allow only high quality data to be gathered. In this context, high quality data refers to data that is free from errors and bias arising from subjectivity, thereby increasing their reliability. High quality and reliable data will then be proce ssed, resulting to high quality information.METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONWe’ll now take a look at the different methods or tools used to collect data, and some of their pros (+) and cons (-). You may notice some methods falling under both categories, which means that they can be used in gathering both types of data.I. Qualitative Data Collection MethodsExploratory in nature, these methods are mainly concerned at gaining insights and understanding on underlying reasons and motivations, so they tend to dig deeper. Since they cannot be quantified, measurability becomes an issue. This lack of measurability leads to the preference for methods or tools that are largely unstructured or, in some cases, maybe structured but only to a very small, limited extent.Generally, qualitative methods are time-consuming and expensive to conduct, and so researchers try to lower the costs incurred by decreasing the sample size or number of respondents.Face-to-Face Personal InterviewsThis is considered to be the most common data collection instrument for qualitative research, primarily because of its personal approach. The interviewer will collect data directly from the subject (the interviewee), on a one-on-one and face-to-face interaction. This is ideal for when data to be obtained must be highly personalized.The interview may be informal and unstructured â€" conversational, even â€" as if taking place between two casual to close friends. The questions asked are mostly unplanned and spontaneous, with the interviewer letting the flow of the interview dictate the next questions to be asked.However, if the interviewer still wants the data to be standardized to a certain extent for easier analysis, he could conduct a semi-structured interview where he asks the same series of open-ended questions to all the respondents. But if they let the subject choose her answer from a set of options, what just took place is a closed, structured and fixed-response interview.(+) This allows the interv iewer to probe further, by asking follow-up questions and getting more information in the process.(+) The data will be highly personalized (particularly when using the informal approach).(-) This method is subject to certain limitations, such as language barriers, cultural differences, and geographical distances.(-) The person conducting the interview must have very good interviewing skills in order to elicit responses.Qualitative SurveysPaper surveys or questionnaires. Questionnaires often utilize a structure comprised of short questions and, in the case of qualitative questionnaires, they are usually open-ended, with the respondents asked to provide detailed answers, in their own words. It’s almost like answering essay questions.(+) Since questionnaires are designed to collect standardized data, they are ideal for use in large populations or sample sizes of respondents.(+) The high amount of detail provided will aid analysis of data.(-) On the other hand, the large number of res pondents (and data), combined with the high level and amount of detail provided in the answers, will make data analysis quite tedious and time-consuming.Web-based questionnaires. This is basically a web-based or internet-based survey, involving a questionnaire uploaded to a site, where the respondents will log into and accomplish electronically. Instead of a paper and a pen, they will be using a computer screen and the mouse.(+) Data collection is definitely quicker. This is often due to the questions being shorter, requiring less detail than in, say, a personal interview or a paper questionnaire.(+) It is also uncomplicated, since the respondents can be invited to answer the questionnaire by simply sending them an email containing the URL of the site where the online questionnaire is available for answering.(-) There is a limitation on the respondents, since the only ones to be able to answer are those who own a computer, have internet connection, and know their way around answerin g online surverys.(-) The lesser amount of detail provided means the researcher may end up with mostly surface data, and no depth or meaning, especially when the data is processed. Focus GroupsFocus groups method is basically an interview method, but done in a group discussion setting. When the object of the data is behaviors and attitudes, particularly in social situations, and resources for one-on-one interviews are limited, using the focus group approach is highly recommended. Ideally, the focus group should have at least 3 people and a moderator to around 10 to 13 people maximum, plus a moderator.Depending on the data being sought, the members of the group should have something in common. For example, a researcher conducting a study on the recovery of married mothers from alcoholism will choose women who are (1) married, (2) have kids, and (3) recovering alcoholics. Other parameters such as the age, employment status, and income bracketdo not have to be similar across the member s of the focus group.The topic that data will be collected about will be presented to the group, and the moderator will open the floor for a debate.(+) There may be a small group of respondents, but the setup or framework of data being delivered and shared makes it possible to come up with a wide variety of answers.(+)  The data collector may also get highly detailed and descriptive data by using a focus group.(-) Much of the success of the discussion within the focus group lies in the hands of the moderator. He must be highly capable and experienced in controlling these types of interactions.Documental RevisionThis method involves the use of previously existing and reliable documents and other sources of information as a source of data to be used in a new research or investigation. This is likened to how the data collector will go to a library and go over the books and other references for information relevant to what he is currently researching on.(+) The researcher will gain bett er understanding of the field or subject being looked into, thanks to the reliable and high quality documents used as data sources.(+) Taking a look into other documents or researches as a source will provide a glimpse of the subject being looked into from different perspectives or points of view, allowing comparisons and contrasts to be made.(-) Unfortunately, this relies heavily on the quality of the document that will be used, and the ability of the data collector to choose the right and reliable documents. If he chooses wrong, then the quality of the data he will collect later on will be compromised.ObservationIn this method, the researcher takes a participatory stance, immersing himself in the setting where his respondents are, and generally taking a look at everything, while taking down notes.Aside from note-taking, other documentation methods may be used, such as video and audio recording, photography, and the use of tangible items such as artifacts, mementoes, and other tool s.(+) The participatory nature may lead to the researcher getting more reliable information.(+) Data is more reliable and representative of what is actually happening, since they took place and were observed under normal circumstances.(-) The participation may end up influencing the opinions and attitudes of the researcher, so he will end up having difficulty being objective and impartial as soon as the data he is looking for comes in.(-) Validity may arise due to the risk that the researcher’s participation may have an impact on the naturalness of the setting. The observed may become reactive to the idea of being watched and observed. If he planned to observe recovering alcoholic mothers in their natural environment (e.g. at their homes with their kids), their presence may cause the subjects to react differently, knowing that they are being observed. This may lead to the results becoming impaired.Longitudinal studiesThis is a research or data collection method that is performed r epeatedly, on the same data sources, over an extended period of time. It is an observational research method that could even cover a span of years and, in some cases, even decades. The goal is to find correlations through an empirical or observational study of subjects with a common trait or characteristic.An example of this is the Terman Study of the Gifted conducted by Lewis Terman at Stanford University. The study aimed to gather data on the characteristics of gifted children â€" and how they grow and develop â€" over their lifetime. Terman started in 1921, and it extended over the lifespan of the subjects, more than 1,500 boys and girls aged 3 to 19 years old, and with IQs higher than 135. To this day, this study is the world’s “oldest and longest-running” longitudinal study.(+) This is ideal when seeking data meant to establish a variable’s pattern over a period of time, particularly over an extended period of time.(+) As a method to find correlations, it is effective i n finding connections and relationships of cause and effect.(-) The long period may become a setback, considering how the probability of the subjects at the beginning of the research will still be complete 10, 20, or 30 years down the road is very low.(-) Over the extended period, attitudes and opinions of the subjects are likely to change, which can lead to the dilution of data, reducing their reliability in the process.Case StudiesIn this qualitative method, data is gathered by taking a close look and an in-depth analysis of a “case study” or “case studies” â€" the unit or units of research that may be an individual, a group of individuals, or an entire organization. This methodology’s versatility is demonstrated in how it can be used to analyze both simple and complex subjects.However, the strength of a case study as a data collection method is attributed to how it utilizes other data collection methods, and captures more variables than when a single methodology is used . In analyzing the case study, the researcher may employ other methods such as interviewing, floating questionnaires, or conducting group discussions in order to gather data.(+) It is flexible and versatile, analyzing both simple and complex units and occurrence, even over a long period of time.(+) Case studies provide in-depth and detailed information, thanks to how it captures as many variables as it can.(-) Reliability of the data may be put at risk when the case study or studies chosen are not representative of the sample or population.II. Quantitative Data Collection MethodsData can be readily quantified and generated into numerical form, which will then be converted and processed into useful information mathematically. The result is often in the form of statistics that is meaningful and, therefore, useful. Unlike qualitative methods, these quantitative techniques usually make use of larger sample sizes because its measurable nature makes that possible and easier.Quantitative S urveysUnlike the open-ended questions asked in qualitative questionnaires, quantitative paper surveys pose closed questions, with the answer options provided. The respondents will only have to choose their answer among the choices provided on the questionnaire.(+) Similarly, these are ideal for use when surveying large numbers of respondents.(+) The standardized nature of questionnaires enable researchers to make generalizations out of the results.(-) This can be very limiting to the respondents, since it is possible that his actual answer to the question may not be in the list of options provided on the questionnaire.(-) While data analysis is still possible, it will be restricted by the lack of details.InterviewsPersonal one-on-one interviews may also be used for gathering quantitative data. In collecting quantitative data, the interview is more structured than when gathering qualitative data, comprised of a prepared set of standard questions.These interviews can take the followin g forms:Face-to-face interviews: Much like when conducting interviews to gather qualitative data, this can also yield quantitative data when standard questions are asked.(+) The face-to-face setup allows the researcher to make clarifications on any answer given by the interviewee.(-) This can be quite a challenge when dealing with a large sample size or group of interviewees. If the plan is to interview everyone, it is bound to take a lot of time, not to mention a significant amount of money.Telephone and/or online, web-based interviews. Conducting interviews over the telephone is no longer a new concept. Rapidly rising to take the place of telephone interviews is the video interview via internet connection and web-based applications, such as Skype.(+) The net for data collection may be cast wider, since there is no need to travel through distances to get the data. All it takes is to pick up the phone and dial a number, or connect to the internet and log on to Skype for a video call or video conference.(-) Quality of the data may be questionable, especially in terms of impartiality. The net may be cast wide, but it will only be targeting a specific group of subjects: those with telephones and internet connections and are knowledgeable about using such technologies.Computer-assisted interviews. This is called CAPI, or Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing where, in a face-to-face interview, the data obtained from the interviewee will be entered directly into a database through the use of a computer.(+) The direct input of data saves a lot of time and other resources in converting them into information later on, because the processing will take place immediately after the data has been obtained from the source and entered into the database.(-) The use of computers, databases and related devices and technologies does not come cheap. It also requires a certain degree of being tech-savvy on the part of the data gatherer. Quantitative ObservationThis is straightfo rward enough. Data may be collected through systematic observation by, say, counting the number of users present and currently accessing services in a specific area, or the number of services being used within a designated vicinity.When quantitative data is being sought, the approach is naturalistic observation, which mostly involves using the senses and keen observation skills to get data about the “what”, and not really about the “why” and “how”.(+) It is a quite simple way of collecting data, and not as expensive as the other methods.(-) The problem is that senses are not infallible. Unwittingly, the observer may have an unconscious grasp on his senses, and how they perceive situations and people around. Bias on the part of the observer is very possible.ExperimentsHave you ever wondered where clinical trials fall? They are considered to be a form of experiment, and are quantitative in nature. These methods involve manipulation of an independent variable, while maintai ning varying degrees of control over other variables, most likely the dependent ones. Usually, this is employed to obtain data that will be used later on for analysis of relationships and correlations.Quantitative researches often make use of experiments to gather data, and the types of experiments are:Laboratory experiments. This is your typical scientific experiment setup, taking place within a confined, closed and controlled environment (the laboratory), with the data collector being able to have strict control over all the variables. This level of control also implies that he can fully and deliberately manipulate the independent variable.Field experiments. This takes place in a natural environment, “on field” where, although the data collector may not be in full control of the variables, he is still able to do so up to a certain extent. Manipulation is still possible, although not as deliberate as in a laboratory setting.Natural experiments. This time, the data collector has no control over the independent variable whatsoever, which means it cannot be manipulated. Therefore, what can only be done is to gather data by letting the independent variable occur naturally, and observe its effects.You can probably name several other data collection methods, but the ones discussed are the most commonly used approaches. At the end of the day, the choice of a collection method is only 50% of the whole process. The correct usage of these methods will also have a bearing on the quality and integrity of the data being sought.